Advent of Denmark and French(Part-2) - Second and Third Carnatic War

Advent of Denmark and French(Part-2) - Second and Third Carnatic War

Second Carnatic War

• This war was fought from 1749 to1756, almost for 7 years. This time, the root cause was indigenous reason i.e. the war of succession in two states of southern India. They are Carnatic and Nizam.
• In Carnatic, then Nawab was 'Anwar-ud-din' and his rival was his cousin 'Chanda Saheb' who was trying to usurp power by deposing the Nawab. French were supporting 'Chanda Saheb' and British 'Anwar-ud-din'. In Nizam, then Nawab was 'Nazar Jung' and his rival was nephew. (sister's son) 'Muzaffar Jung' who was trying to usurp power by deposing the Nawab. Here French were supporting 'Muzaffar Jung' and British his counterpart 'Nazar Jung'. In the end, four got killed and nothing happened to British or French.
• In 'Battle of Ambur 1749 'Anwar-ud-din' was assassinated by 'Dupleix' and Nawab's son 'Mohd Ali' ran away from the battlefield and hide in Tiruchunapally. Thereafter Dupleix seated Chanda Saheb on throne scoring a victory over British.
• In 1750, 'Dupleix' hatched many conspiracies and finally got killed 'Nazar Jung' and thus seating 'Muzaffar Jung' on the throne. For the protection of Muzaffar, a contingency of French army led by commander `Busyy' was stationed at capital Aurangabad. (By this time Nizam's haven't changed their capital from Aurangabad to Hyderabad). This was the first phase of war where French scored an absolute victory over British under the leadership of 'Dupleix'.
• British who were not much concentrating on the south were immediately alarmed after these two incidents. So these started retaliation by ending huge army stationed in Bengal to the south. A British officer 'Robert Clive', a powerful warrior and intelligent in cracking conspiracies was appointed for this task. 'Robert Clive' is often referred as Jackal by his colleagues.
• In 1752, 'Robert Clive' killed 'Chanda Saheb' whereby 'Mohd Ali' was called back and given the throne. Next, 'Muzaffar Jung' was also killed by a conspiracy when he was in Cuddapah visit. 'Salabath Jung' was made the ruler.
• This war came to an end with 'Treaty of Pondicherry' in 1754 and 'Treaty of Tiruchunapally' in 1755. In this phase, British scored an upper hand over French. French government immediately called back 'Dupleix' and he was imprisoned for causing such loss.

Third Carnatic War

• This war was fought from 1756 to 1763. Root for this war was an international reason. French and Europe was fighting for establishing power in 13 independent states in Northern America (The USA was yet to form). Both nations want to make these states as their colonies. This war was fought for seven years so it is referred as 'Seven Years war' till today. So this third Carnatic war was simply an extension of war being fought in America.
• In the course of war in 1760, a battle called 'Battle of Wandywash' (Vandavasi) fought in which French governor 'Count De Lally' was defeated thoroughly and imprisoned by a British officer 'Sir Eyre Coote'. Thereafter all French settlements were captured and demolished.
• This war came to an end when Seven years war came to an end by means of a truce made in Paris by French and British which is popularly known as 'Treaty of Paris'. With this treaty, French lost all its power in America and also in India. One such provision relating to India was - French were given back their settlements but they shall remain as only mere merchants but not as masters. They shall maintain no army, no fortifications etc shall be maintained.
• Till 1954, these settlements remained in possession of French. By diplomatic means, all these territories were surrendered to Indian union. (All settlements were made as UTs except Chandranagar where a plebiscite was conducted and people opted for merging in Bengal).